余囚北庭，坐一土室。室广八尺，深可四寻。单扉低小，白间短窄，污下而幽暗。当此夏日，诸气萃然：雨潦四集，浮动床几，时则为水气；涂泥半朝，蒸沤历澜，时则为土气；乍晴暴热，风道四塞，时则为日气；檐阴薪爨，助长炎虐，时则为火气；仓腐寄顿，陈陈逼人，时则为米气；骈肩杂遝，腥臊汗垢，时则为人气；或圊溷、或毁尸、或腐鼠，恶气杂出，时则为秽气。叠是数气，当之者鲜不为厉。而予以孱弱，俯仰其间，於兹二年矣，幸而无恙，是殆有养致然尔。然亦安知所养何哉？孟子曰：「吾善养吾浩然之气。」彼气有七，吾气有一，以一敌七，吾何患焉！况浩然者，乃天地之正气也，作正气歌一首。
The lyrics of this melody are a famous essay in the collected works of Wen Tianxiang (1236-1282). Written in 30 five-character couplets (60 lines), they protest the conciliatory attitude of the Song dynasty towards the aggressive northern neighbors.
天地有正气，杂然赋流形。
下则为河岳，上则为日星。
于人曰浩然，沛乎塞苍冥。
皇路当清夷，含和吐明庭。
时穷节乃见，一一垂丹青。
在齐太史简，在晋董狐笔。
在秦张良椎，在汉苏武节。
为严将军头，为嵇侍中血。
为张睢阳齿，为颜常山舌。
或为辽东帽，清操厉冰雪。
或为出师表，鬼神泣壮烈。
或为渡江楫，慷慨吞胡羯。
或为击贼笏，逆竖头破裂。
是气所磅礴，凛烈万古存。
当其贯日月，生死安足论。
地维赖以立，天柱赖以尊。
三纲实系命，道义为之根。
嗟予遘阳九，隶也实不力。
楚囚缨其冠，传车送穷北。
鼎镬甘如饴，求之不可得。
阴房阗鬼火，春院闭天黑。
牛骥同一皂，鸡栖凤凰食。
一朝蒙雾露，分作沟中瘠。
如此再寒暑，百疠自辟易。
哀哉沮洳场，为我安乐国。
岂有他缪巧，阴阳不能贼。
顾此耿耿在，仰视浮云白。
悠悠我心悲，苍天曷有极。
哲人日已远，典刑在夙昔。
风檐展书读，古道照颜色。
天地之间正气存，赋予形体杂纷纷。地上江河与山岳，天上日月和繁星。人有正气叫浩然，充塞环宇满盈盈。生逢圣世清明年，平平和和效朝廷。国难当头见气节，永垂青史留美名。
齐国太史不惧死，崔杼弑君载史籍；晋国董狐真良史，手握“书法不隐”笔；韩国张良雪国耻，椎杀秦皇遭通缉；苏武留胡十九年，终日手持汉朝节；
巴郡太守老严颜，甘愿断头不妥协；晋代侍中名嵇绍，为救国君洒热血；张巡当年谪睢阳，咬牙切齿讨逆贼；常山太守颜杲卿，骂敌骂断三寸舌；
辽东管宁“着皂帽”，清操自励若冰雪；诸葛《出师》复汉室，鞠躬尽瘁何壮烈！祖逖渡江誓击楫，奋威慷慨吞胡羯；秀实夺笏击狂贼，贼头破裂直流血。
浩然之气多磅礴，志士英名万古存。每当正气贯日月，谁把生死放在心。 地靠正气得以立，天靠正气成至尊。三纲靠此得维持，道义以此为本根。
可叹我生逢乱世，竞无才力救危亡。被俘仍戴南国帽，囚车押我到北方。折磨摧残何所惧，酷刑只当饮糖浆。
牢房死寂见鬼火，春来紧闭黑茫茫。老牛骏马共槽食，鸡窝里面栖凤凰。一旦染病便死亡，枯骨弃野多凄凉。
如此恶境囚两载，各种毒害不能伤。牢房阴森令人哀，是我安乐之天堂。岂有智谋与巧计，能防邪毒来伤身。
光明磊落忠义心，我视生死如浮云。我心悲伤悠绵绵，好似苍天哪有边？贤哲虽然已远去，榜样令我心更坚。檐心展读圣贤书，光华照彻我容颜。
Edited text by Gan H.M.
Original translated by Herbert Giles in Gems of Chinese Literature (1923).
There is in the universe an Aura which permeates all things, and makes them what they are. Below, it shapes forth land and water; above, the sun and the stars. In man it is called spirit; and there is nowhere where it is not. In times of national tranquillity, this spirit lies hidden in the harmony which prevails. Only at some great epoch is it manifested widely abroad.
Was there not the disinterested chivalry of Chang Liang? the unswerving devotion of Su Wu? Did not Yen Yen say they had headless generals in his district, but none who surrendered their allegiance? Was not an emperor's robe splashed with blood that might not be washed away? And the teeth of Chang Hsün? (Chang Hsün biting his teeth and fought against traitor) The tongue of Yen Hsi? (Yen Hsi scold his enemy until his tongue is cut off before he is being executed) The guileless honesty of Kuan Ning, pure as the clearest ice? The martial genius of K'ung Ming, the admiration of Gods and men? The oath of Tsu T'i, The tablet dashed in the rebel's face?
"Such is this grand and glorious spirit which endureth for all generations; and which, linked with the sun and moon, knows neither beginning nor end. The foundation of all that is great and good in heaven and earth, it is itself born from the everlasting obligations which are due by man to man.
"Alas! the fates were against me; I was without resource. Bound with fetters, hurried away toward the north, death would have been sweet indeed; but that boon was refused.
"My dungeon is lighted by the will-o'-the-wisp alone: no breath of spring cheers the murky solitude in which I dwell. The ox and the barb herd together in one stall: the rooster and the phoenix feed together from one dish. Exposed to mist and dew, I had many times thought to die; and yet, through the seasons of two revolving years, disease hovered around me in vain.
The dark, unhealthy soil to me became Paradise itself. For there was that within me which misfortune could not steal away. And so I remained firm, gazing at the white clouds floating over my head, and bearing in my heart a sorrow boundless as the sky. The sun of those dead heroes has long since set, but their record is before me still. And, while the wind whistles under the eaves, I open my books and read; and lo! in their presence my heart glows with a borrowed fire."
No comments:
Post a Comment